Subject | Humanities & Social Sciences

  • Learning

Hiroshima 1945: Atomic Bombing and Journalism~Robert Jungk(1913-1994) & Kaoru Ogura(1920-1979)~

Hiroshima and Nagasaki are the first cities where the atomic bomb was used in warfare. Journalists in Japan were banned from reporting on the casualties and damages of the bombs, after the country came under occupation by the Allied Forces in September of 1945. The authorities feared it would interfere with implementing their policies.
But the world would soon hear and see what had happened through the eyes of journalists from overseas. They witnessed the devastation firsthand and filed their stories, knowing so well that they might go head-to-head with the authorities. John Hersey, an American war correspondent, filed a story for The New Yorker in August 1946. His article sent a shockwave back home and led the US government to provide its justification for dropping the bombs: The use of the atomic bomb had spared the lives of one million US soldiers. This is how the US government legitimizes the bombings to this day. Revisiting how the media reported or had not reported on the atomic bombings allows participants to think about the role of journalism vis-à-vis authorities and that of individual conscience.
In this program, participants will watch videos produced by NHK WORLD-JAPAN, Japan’s sole public broadcaster, and consider how journalists, governments and civilians had each sought out their roles in telling the stories of Hiroshima and Nagasaki to the world.

Content/学習内容

  • Robert Jungk, a Jewish immigrant from Austria, was a journalist in the United States. He visited Hiroshima in 1957, where he met a Japanese American from Seattle, Kaoru Ogura. Ogura returned to his ancestral land, Hiroshima, before the war started. With Ogura's help, Jungk wrote the book, “Children of the Ashes,” published in Switzerland in 1959. The book caught people's attention in Europe. It described how the atomic bomb survivors, hibakusha, were falling seriously ill and discriminated against in their communities.

     It also introduced how 12-year-old Sadako Sasaki suddenly died from leukemia 10 years after she was exposed to radiation. Sadako would later become known for her paper-folding origami cranes.  The book was quoted in various outlets. It later led to a meeting between Sadako’s brother, Masahiro, and Clifton Truman Daniels. Daniels is a grandson of Harry Truman, who was the US President at the time of atomic bombing in 1945. The work of Jungk and ensuing exchanges serve as an example of how former enemy countries can overcome hatred and work together for peace.


    ⏩オーストリア系ユダヤ人でアメリカに亡命したジャーナリストのロベルト・ユンクは1957年、広島に入る。そこで、シアトル生まれで広島移民の子であるカオル・オグラ(小倉馨)と出会う。英語が堪能な小倉の仲介努力によって、ユンクは1959年にスイスで「灰墟の光」を出版。この著作は欧州に大きな衝撃を与えた。そこには体調を崩した被爆者が社会から差別されていた実態が描かれていた。

    さらには、サダコの折り鶴としてのちに世界的に有名となる佐々木禎子さんの挿話も盛り込まれていた。佐々木禎子さんは、原爆投下約10年後に白血病と診断され、12歳で亡くなる。禎子さんの突然の死は、被爆による恐ろしさが依然として社会全体に存在していることを世界に伝え、欧米で様々な形で引用されていく。そして、やがてある出会いにも発展していく。原爆投下時の大統領・トルーマンの孫であるクリフトン・トルーマン・ダニエル氏と佐々木禎子さんの兄・雅弘氏との交流である。敵国だった日米市民が、ジャーナリストたちのルポなどによって、憎しみではない交流へとどう進んでいくことができるのか、実例として学ぶことができるケースでもある。

  • Designated TV Programs: NHK WORLD-JAPAN "My Small Steps from Hiroshima"

Staff/スタッフ

    • Teacher
    Robert Jacobs
    Professor,
    Hiroshima City University
    • Content Production
    Takaaki TAKAI
    Deputy Director, Bureau of Public Relations
    University of Tsukuba

Competency/コンピテンシー

  • Creativity
  • Situation grasping ability

Specialized competencies

  • Journalism
  • empowerment of the ability to understand
  • grasp a historic event in a multi-faceted way

Learning Goal

  • understand how the news of a-bomb was reported worldwide in a systemic way
  • understand how the US government had come to legitimize the bombing
  • learn about the impact of the a-bombing on non-Japanese nationals and build understanding for both the damage and perpetration
  • develop an undertanding of the role that journalism played in the aftermath of the bombing
  • learn about the cases how conscience of individuals can play a role under a certain political regime
  • develop an understanding of the role journalism could play in war when anger and hatred can divide people in friends ad foes

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