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分野 | 自然科学
銀河考古学入門～銀河の形成と進化を辿る～
「銀河考古学」とは、銀河をその骨格である恒星に分離し、個々の恒星の性質に基づいて銀河の形成進化を追跡する天文学の一分野です。 「考古学」と名づけられている理由は、古い年齢の恒星の性質、すなわちその化学組成や空間運動の特徴 といった情報が、銀河の過去を知るための「化石」情報になっていて、銀河がどのような物理状態で形成されどのような進化を経てきたのかの履歴を保持しているからです。 つまり、これらの情報はDNAのようなもので、銀河の過去を追跡するルーツとなるものです。この講座では、銀河考古学の基礎をわかりやすく解説します。
©東北大学. Last Update 2024-02-22
Content／学習内容
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We will learn how mankind’s worldview of the galactic Universe has evolved. We will then provide an overview of the dynamical structure of the entire Galaxy and the realm of the surrounding galactic Universe.
- 1-0. Introduction
- 1-1. Invitation to Galactic Archaeology
- 1-2. Development of Cosmology ： From Geocentrism to Heliocentrism
- 1-3. Development of Cosmology ： Galaxies and the Island Universe
- 1-4. The Galaxy : Overall View
- 1-5. The Galaxy : Interstellar Gas and Star Formation
- 1-6. The Local Group
- 1-7. Cluster of Galaxies and Large-Scale Structure of the Universe
- 1-8. Galactic Rotation
- 1-9. Spiral Structure of Galaxies
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We will learn about the general characteristics, evolution and death of the stars making up galaxies. We will also understand that stars are factories of new matter, and the relation between their material cycles and galactic evolution.
- 2-0. Introduction
- 2-1. The Realm of the Stars
- 2-2. Stellar Color and Spectral Type
- 2-3. Color Magnitude Diagram of Stars
- 2-4. Stellar Chemical Abundance and Metallicity
- 2-5. Stellar Structure: Why Do Stars Shine?
- 2-6. Stellar Evolution and Death
- 2-7. Stellar Death and the Origin of Elements
- 2-8. Material Cycles and Chemical Evolution of Galaxies
- 2-9. Explore the Past and Present of Galaxies through Stars
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We will learn how our Galaxy’s formation and evolution is currently described by derivations from the analysis of old stellar systems in the Milky Way. In addition, we will understand the general concept of galaxy formation based on observational information from the Andromeda Galaxy and other general galaxies.
- 3-0. Introduction
- 3-1. Exploration of Old Stars
- 3-2. Development of the View of Galaxy Formation History
- 3-3. Formation of the Halo
- 3-4. Formation of the Disks : Thick disk
- 3-5. Formation of the Disks : Thin disk
- 3-6. Formation of the Bulge
- 3-7. Formation of Galactic Satellite Galaxies
- 3-8. Formation of the Andromeda Galaxy
- 3-9. Formation and Evolution of General Galaxies
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We will learn about the dark matter that dominates the dynamical structure of such galaxies, the evidence for its existence, and its role in galaxy formation. We will then learn about problems with the current standard theory of the identity of dark matter, and future prospects.
- 4-0. Introduction
- 4-1. Dark Matter in Galaxies (Ⅰ)
- 4-2. Dark Matter in Galaxies (Ⅱ)
- 4-3. Gravitational Lensing
- 4-4. Dark Matter Exploration with Gravitational Micro-Lensing
- 4-5. What is Dark Matter?
- 4-6. Dark Matter and Formation of Galaxies
- 4-7. Problems with the Dark Matter Theory
- 4-8. Identifying Dark Matter from Old Stellar Systems
- 4-9. Large-scale Observation Projects and Future Prospects
Staff／スタッフ
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- 講師
千葉 柾司東北大学 大学院理学研究科教授
Contact／お問合せ先
東北大学オープンオンライン教育開発推進センター
Email: secretary.mooc@grp.tohoku.ac.jp
