【YOKOHAMA-SXIP 2023】安全工学ビデオ　２

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【YOKOHAMA-SXIP 2023】安全工学ビデオ　２

安全工学

ビデオタイトル：Inherently Safer Design (ISD) and Carbamate Pesticide Plant ISDとカルバメート農薬原料漏えい事故 YOKOHAMA-SXIPプログラムでは、過去の事例から学び、より安全、かつ強靭な社会を築く上での教訓を得られるよう、安全に関するビデオを作成しました。過去に発生した化学工場における事故、火災消火時の消火水汚染などの事例から、同じような事故を発生させないよう、未然に防ぐための措置がなかったか、考えるきっかけとなることが期待されます。ビデオを視聴後に考えていただきたいポイントをQ&Aとして掲載していますので、参考にしてください。制作：横浜国立大学YOKOHAMA-SXIP 監修：中村　一穂、笠井　尚哉、三宅　淳巳

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©横浜国立大学. Last Update 2024-06-21

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Q & A for SXIP Video 2;
1) Please write an approach to make the use of hazardous
chemicals inherently safer.

＜Answer＞
Four strategies to consider to make chemical process inherently safer are;
・Substitute: Use material, chemistry, or process that are less hazardous.
・Mitigate: Use the smallest quantities of hazardous materials feasible for the process, reduce the size of equipment operating under hazardous conditions such as high temperature or pressure.
・Moderate: Reduce hazards by dilution, refrigeration, or process alternatives which operate at less hazardous facilities in locations far from people or other property.
・Simplify: Eliminate unnecessary complexity, and design user-friendly plants.

2) Please list up 3 major disasters in process safety field, and explain what happened.

＜Answer＞
The three major disasters in process safety are Flixborough, Seveso and Bhopal disasters. Please study for these disasters each by each by yourself.　

　　
3) Please list up and explain Imperial Chemical Industries contribution for process safety.

＜Answer＞
Inherently Safer Design, QRA (Quantitative Risk Analysis), MOS (Management of Change)，HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Studies). Please study each by each by yourself.

4) Please list up and explain AIChE/CCPS contribution for process safety.

＜Answer＞
One is the development of education tool called SACHE, and the second is the publishing process safety related guidelines (more than one hundred)，and the third is the establishment process safety related international conferences, such as GCPS (Global Conference on Process Safety).

5) Please list up the production method of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC).

＜Answer＞
For example, 5 production methods are shown as follows;
・Union Carbide Corporation process,
・Du Pont process,
・Diphenylcarbonate process,
・Enichem Process,
・Cyanide Process.

6)　Do you think which process is best for no MIC storage on 　
　　site.　Please explain the reason why you think it to be
the best.

＜Answer＞
The Du Pont process seems to be best in above 5 production methods.
It can convert generated gaseous MIC to methomyl or oxamyl carbamate pesticide.
The Du Pont process combines monomethylamine and carbon monoxide to provide N-methylformamide. The N-methylformamide is then oxidized with oxygen / palladium at very high temperatures to generate gaseous MIC and water. To prevent the MIC from reacting with the water, it is almost immediately fed into a process to produce methomyl and oxamyl carbamate pesticide.

＜Reference＞

1) National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. The Use and Storage of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) at Bayer CropScience. Washington, DC, The National Academies Press;
https://doi.org/10.17226/13385.
2) Safety guidelines and good practices for the management and retention of firefighting water;
https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2021-08/ece_mp.wat_58_ENG.pdf